Effectiveness and tolerance of an oral nutritional supplement highly concentrated in protein and energy in elderly subjects at risk of malnutrition

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of an oral nutritional supplement that is highly concentrated in protein and energy in elderly subjects who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Twenty-four subjects aged between 70 and 94 years old, who had lost an average of 8.2% of their body weight and whose intake was 70% lower than their requirements, received a nutritional supplement (Fortimel® Protein 200 mL, NUTRICIA) over a period of four weeks at a rate of two bottles per day (one unit providing 480 kcal and 29 g of protein). The analysis carried out at the end of this period showed a significant increase in muscular strength measured by hand grip [on average 19.5 ± 7.05 kg at D0 and 21.0 ± 8.1 kg at D28 (P = 0.002)]. The patients’ weight rose on average by 0.6 ± 1.9 kg (P = 0.08). Patient appetite improved overall as evidenced by the significant increase in spontaneous intake and dietary protein contribution. Overall health status as perceived by patients did not significantly improve. The product was well received by patients (median adherence rate of 93.5%) and generally well tolerated, even if certain patients complained about minor digestive disorders, which led to reduced adherence.     

朱启勇辨治复发性口疮思路

本文主要总结朱启勇教授诊治复发性口疮的思路与经验,认为复发性口疮与脏腑的虚、实、寒、热密切相关,并将复发性口疮分为胃热证、肺阴虚证、脾虚证3种证型,分别给予清降胃热、养阴清热、健脾益气治疗。     

复方黄柏液涂剂联合吲哚美辛栓治疗PPH术后肛门下坠

目的:观察复方黄柏液涂剂灌肠联合吲哚美辛栓纳肛治疗吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids,PPH)术后肛门下坠的临床效果。方法:收集40例PPH术后1个月后出现肛门下坠患者并随机分为两组,治疗组20例,给予复方黄柏液涂剂灌肠联合吲哚美辛栓纳肛;对照组20例,单独给予吲哚美辛栓纳肛。7天为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程,观察治疗后的症状积分及治疗有效率。结果:两组患者治疗前肛门下坠评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);两组患者经过2个疗程的治疗,治疗前与治疗后的症状积分均有改善(P <0.05),2个疗程后治疗组的肛门下坠评分低于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗组总有效率为94.7%(18/19),低于对照组的78.9%(15/19),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:复方黄柏液涂剂灌肠联合吲哚美辛栓治疗PPH术后肛门下坠比单独使用吲哚美辛栓效果明显,尤其是对肛门坠胀不适疼痛不明显者。     

LCR、PVI与IVCrvi目标导向液体治疗对单肺通气老年全腔镜食管癌根治术患者血流动力学的影响

目的分析乳酸清除率(LCR)、脉搏变异指数(PVI)与下腔静脉内径呼吸变异指数(IVCrvi)液体治疗对单肺通气老年全腔镜食管癌根治术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将拟行单肺通气全腔镜食管癌根治术的106例老年食管癌患者随机均分为对照组和观察组。对照组术中给予常规液体治疗,观察组术中给予以LCR、PVI与IVCrvi为目标导向的液体治疗。比较两组术前(T0)、单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气15 min(T2)、单肺通气1 h(T3)及单肺通气结束时(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、每搏输出量变异度(SVV)和心脏指数(CI)。比较两组液体出入量及药物应用情况。同时记录术前和术后肺功能参数。结果两组各时间点HR比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组T2~T4时间点MAP、CI和SVV、LCR高于对照组,CVP、PVI、IVCrvi低于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组单肺通气时间、晶体液用量、总输液量、尿量、出血量及使用去氧肾上腺素占比低于对照组,胶体液用量高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组术后第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论以LCR、PVI与IVCrvi为目标导向的液体治疗可稳定单肺通气老年患者全腔镜食管癌根治术患者的血流动力学。     

Analysis of the Filipinos’ Interest in Searching Online for Oral Cancer

Objective: This study analyzed the health-seeking behavior of Filipinos using Google Trends tool to quantify relative search volume by term . Oral cancer, mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer were used as predetermined search terms. Material and method: Comma-separated values file containing relative search volumes of search trends pertaining to oral cancer from 2009 to 2019 were assessed. Brown-Forsythe one-way ANOVA was used to measure differences with respect to oral cancer across different years and months. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to detect differences regarding mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer across the years. Time series models were fitted and used to forecast search interests. Results: The results revealed that interest in oral cancer was significantly higher in 2019 (43.75±5.5, p <0.05) compared to 2009 (29.0 ± 6.7). In terms of months, searches were higher in February (45.0 ± 6.6) compared to May (24.8 ± 3.4, p=0.015), June (25.3 ± 4.4, p=0.020), and December (26.5 ± 4.0, p=0.038). Search interests for gum cancer and lip cancer remained significantly lower from 2011 to 2019, and tongue cancer from 2016 to 2018 but approximated mouth cancer in 2019. The forecast showed that mouth cancer (31.67%), tongue cancer (23.75%), and lip cancer (3.83%) would fluctuate through time pass, while gum cancer (8%) would remain steady in 2020. Conclusion: Health-seeking behavior through search trends showed an increased interest in oral cancer in 2019 and during February. It was anticipated that search interests would fluctuate in 2020, but at the end of the year would decrease for mouth cancer and tongue cancer, increase for lip cancer, and remain steady for gum cancer.     

Comprehensive profiling of α-glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Rubus suavissimus using an off-line hyphenation of HSCCC,ultrafiltration HPLC-UV-MS and prep-HPLC

The leaves of Rubus suavissimus (also called “Chinese sweet tea”) is used not only as a beverage tea and food additive but also as a folk herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To systematically investigate its material foundation of efficacy for treating diabetes, herein, a hyphenated strategy by off-line coupling high-speed countercurrent chromatography, ultrafiltration HPLC-UV-MS and prep-HPLC was developed. And thus, α-glucosidase inhibitors from Rubus suavissimus leaves was comprehensively profiled, purified and characterized. As a result, twenty-six compounds were identified as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors and favorably isolated by prep-HPLC. Their structures were identified via UV, MS, and ¹H-NMR. Notably, fourteen compounds, including protocatechuic acid (1), myketin (3), epicatechin (4), vanillic acid (6), apigenin (11), catechin (12), ferulic acid (15), luteolin (16), 3, 3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (17), chlorogenic acid (19), 3, 3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucoside (20), cinnamic acid (21), syringate (24) and ethylbrevifolin-carboxylate (25), were reported in leaves of Rubus suavissimus for the first time. In addition, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 1–26 were evaluated, and eighteen compounds exhibited stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activities than acarbose (IC₅₀ value at 214.24 ± 3.48 μg/mL, positive control). The results indicated that the proposed method is a highly efficient strategy for comprehensive profiling and purification of bioactive target compounds, including both major and minor components, from natural products.     

Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country-specific self-administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline-significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (p_homogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (p_trend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (p_homogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定性早熟女童血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定性早熟女童血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚含量的方法。方法：采用Shim-pack VP-ODS C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），流动相为乙腈∶水=70∶30，流速1 mL/min，柱温30 ℃，检测激发波长275 nm，发射波长315 nm，外标法定量检测血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚含量。结果：双酚A和4-壬基酚分别在1.45~5 937.50 ng/mL （r2=0.999 9，n=7），1.53~6 250.00 ng/mL（r2=0.998 8，n=7）范围内线性关系良好；日内、日间RSD均<7.83%，方法回收率均>94.6%。结论：本法简便、快速、灵敏、准确，适用于同时测定性早熟女童血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚的含量和临床血样常规检测。